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water cycle

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water cycle 踏行船。

踏行船。 “water“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.水；雨水；露；〔常作 pl. 〕 礦泉，溫泉； ...“cycle“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.循環，周期，一轉。 2.周時，周年，年紀。 3 ...“cycle water“ 中文翻譯：   循環水“the water cycle“ 中文翻譯：   水循環“closed cycle water reactor“ 中文翻譯：   閉式循環水反應堆“global water cycle“ 中文翻譯：   全球水循環“hydrological (water) cycle“ 中文翻譯：   水分循環“hydrological（water）cycle“ 中文翻譯：   水分循環“natural water cycle“ 中文翻譯：   自然界水循環“pollution threatens water cycle“ 中文翻譯：   污染對水循環的威脅“pressure cycle water“ 中文翻譯：   壓力循環水“sub-cycle water system“ 中文翻譯：   功能性循環水系統“water (hydrological)cycle“ 中文翻譯：   水分循環“water cycle test“ 中文翻譯：   水循環試驗“water injection cycle“ 中文翻譯：   注水周期“water injection half-cycle“ 中文翻譯：   注水半周期“water（hydrological）cycle“ 中文翻譯：   水分循環“direct-cycle boiling water reactor“ 中文翻譯：   直接循環沸水反應堆“direct-cycle boiling-water reactor“ 中文翻譯：   直接循環沸水反應堆“dual-cycle boiling-water reactor“ 中文翻譯：   雙回路沸水反應堆; 雙循環沸水堆“global energy and water cycle experiment“ 中文翻譯：   全球能量和水循環試驗“tcw two-cycle water-cooled“ 中文翻譯：   二沖程水冷發動機“dual cycle boiling water reactor system“ 中文翻譯：   雙循環沸水反應堆系統“single cycle boiling water reactor plant“ 中文翻譯：   單循環沸水堆電站“cycle“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.循環，周期，一轉。 2.周時，周年，年紀。 3.(詩、故事等的)始末。 4.自行車，三輪車，摩托車。 5.【電學】周波；【數學】環；【拓】閉鏈；【地質學；地理學】旋徊；【植物；植物學】(從枯凋到再生的)一輪迥；天體運轉的軌道。 the business cycle 商業盛衰的周期性。 the life cycle 【生物學】生命周期，生活史。 the Arthurian cycle 《亞瑟王記》。 the Calippic cycle 七十六年周期。 the Trojan cycle 《特洛伊戰爭史詩集》。 vi. 1.輪轉，循環。 2.騎自行車[三輪車等]。 vt. 使循環，使輪轉。 -ry (出售或修理自行車的)自行車鋪。

water diviner

Eight sub - projects will be set up in the project by comprehensively considering the integrity and logic of the project and the synchronism and independence between the topics of sub - projects : 1 ) binary water cycle pattern and mechanism of water resource evolution in the haihe river basin ; 2 ) mechanisms for water cycle - driven ecological evolution and restoration in the haihe river basin ; 3 ) mechanisms of water environment evolution and basis for water pollution control in the haihe river basin ; 4 ) integrated simulation and forecast of water cycle and accompanying processes in the haihe river basin ; 5 ) water cycle - based basic theories and methodology for the assessment of utility of water resource utilization ; 6 ) process of farmland water cycle and mechanisms of high efficiency agricultural water utilization in the haihe river basin ; 7 ) mechanisms of evolution of binary water cycle system and safe , high efficiency water use in cities ; and 8 ) thresholds and patterns for the integral multi - dimensional critical control of water cycle in the haihe river basin 綜合考慮項目研究的整體性、邏輯性，以及課題研究的同步性、獨立性，項目將設置八個課題：海河流域二元水循環模式與水資源演變機理；水循環驅動下的海河流域生態演變與修復機理；海河流域水環境演化機理與水污染防治基礎；海河流域水循環及其伴生過程的綜合模擬與預測；基于水循環的水資源利用效用評價基礎理論與方法；海河流域農田水循環過程與農業高效用水機制；城市二元水循環系統演化與安全高效用水機制；海河流域水循環多維臨界整體調控閾值與模式。

A “ four waters “ ( precipitation , soil moisture , surface water and groundwater ) conversion model has been established on the basis of water cycling and the law of water balance as well as hydrological runoff theory . model structure , calculation procedure and the calibration of each parameter also have been presented 本文根據水循環機理和水平衡原理，利用水文學徑流形成理論，建立了平原區“四水”轉化模型，論述了模型結構，計算流程，以及模型中各要素的計算方法。

In dry areas , groundwater completely originate inversion , water cycle and evolution pattern research of groundwater is becoming inversion research of three water , only when we master inversion pattern of water resources , we can evaluate water resources exactly ; ignorance of inversion relationship and unilaterally evaluating water resources must lead to wrong evaluation result 在干旱地區，地下水資源完全來自轉化補給，地下水循環與演化規律的研究即成為三水轉化研究的重點，只有準確掌握水資源轉化規律，才能作到準確的水資源評價：忽視資源轉化關系、片面評價水資源必然會導致評價結果失真。

Only recently have such international undertakings as the cloud feedback model intercomparison project ( cfmip ) and the cloud system study of the global energy and water cycle experiment begun a systematic comparison of the effects of clouds on dozens of the most important climate models , allowing researchers to start to unravel more precisely the role that clouds play in climate change 直到最近，一些國際事業才開始著手于對云層在各種最重要的氣候模式中效應的系統化對比分析，諸如云層回應模擬互比工程（ cfmip ）和全球能量與水循環試驗工程等，這樣研究人員就能夠更明確地了解云層在氣候變化中的作用。

The project plans to implement the main studies in five aspects on the three key scientific issues and considering the needs of practical control , which include : 1 ) study of mechanisms and regularities of water cycle and water resources evolution in the haihe river basin ; 2 ) study of evolutionary and restoration mechanisms of water environment and ecology in the haihe river basin ; 3 ) study of basic theories and methodology for the assessment of utility of moisture use on different scales ; 4 ) study of mechanisms of water cycle and high efficiency water use for farmland and urban units ; and 5 ) study of integral multi - dimensional critical control of water cycle system of river basins 圍繞三大關鍵科學問題，結合實踐調控需求，項目擬開展五方面的主要研究：海河流域水循環與水資源演化機理與規律研究；海河流域水環境與生態演變機理與修復基礎研究；不同尺度的水分利用效用評價基礎理論與方法研究；農田與城市單元的水分循環與高效用水機制研究；流域水循環系統的整體多維臨界調控研究。

Intensive mankind activities are comprehensively and deeply disturbing the natural water cycle of river basins , giving the water cycle an evident “ natural - artificial ” binary evolutionary character in all the aspects of driving force , cycling structure , response parameters , etc and resulting in a series of post - effects on resource , ecology and environment , which are particularly reflected by the three major common problems of water shortage , water pollution and ecological deterioration in the northern china 強烈的人類活動正全面深度擾動著天然流域水循環過程，致使流域水循環在內在驅動力、循環結構和響應參數等方面都呈現出明顯的“天然人工”二元演化特性，同時引發一系列伴生的資源、生態與環境后效，在我國北方地區突出表現為缺水、水污染和生態系統退化三大共性問題。

Human cannot depart from the environment of water . at the same time , human life calls for the landscape with water . as to landscape development which illustrates the relationship between human and the key elements of water , we can divide it into : 1 ) landscape planning and design that brings great influence upon the natural water cycle , and 2 ) landscape planning and design that of little affection 人的環境離不開水的環境，人的生活呼喚水的景觀，就景觀規劃設計這一人類活動與“水”要素的關系而言，分為兩大類，一是對水的自然循環有重大影響人類景觀設計活動，二是對水的自然循環沒有重大影響的人類景觀設計活動。

According to the characteristic high energy consumption of heating ventlating and air conditioning in chemical fibre plant , the paper figured out the reasons of the high energy consumption and raised the correspondent methods to decrease the energy consumption by analyzing the problems exist in the heating , refrigerating , cooling water cycling , air conditioning systems 摘要根據化纖廠暖通空調是能耗大戶的特點，從熱力系統、制冷系統、水系統、空調系統等方面進行分析，總結出耗能原因，并提出相應的節能措施。

The trade - off problems arising from ecosystem modification is ubiquitous in sabah - absolutely polluted rivers , beautiful oxbow lakes eaten away by invasive alien freshwater hyacinths or salvinia molesta from south america and their resultant death through triplication , sedimentary blooms encroaching mangroves , coastal fishing grounds , unprecedented long and deeper flooding in the major river basins . take the ecosystem services away , mankind is as well dead . for instance , nutrient formation needed by man , water cycling , soil formation and soil retention , pollination of plants , resistance to invasive species , regulating climate and pests as well as pollution control by ecosystems are some of the critical ecosystem services 其實，沙巴最迷人的度假特色，還是周遭豐富繽紛的海底生態資源，馬來西亞7座海洋公園，就有4個位在沙巴沿海區域，包括亞庇西北165海里外的拉央拉央島layang - layang沙巴東南處的馬寶島mabul和卡巴賴島kapalai沙巴和汶萊灣岸外以北的納閩labuan ，以及亞庇海外由5座小島構成的東姑阿都拉曼國家公園tunku abdul rahman park islands 。

To improve understanding of the processes of heterogeneous land surface - atmosphere interaction , the utilization of satelli te remote sensing is indispensadle . in this paper , with the aid of satellite remote sensing and fiend observational data which observed during intensive observation of huaihe river bain energy and water cycle experiment hubex in 1998 , the surface albedo , ndvi normalized difference vegetaton index and surface temperature in regional scale of hubex could be derived . then , the distribution of regional energy balance components could be estimated . this wor provided the physical foundation for the numerical simulation of the huaihe river basin energy and water pro cesses , and is important for us to further analyze the regional distribution of surface characteristic parameters ad energy balance components with the change of the weather situation in hubex in 1998 . our work is still in a developing stage , some methods of retrieval in the paper should be improved further 利用1998年淮河流域加密觀測試驗hubex iop期間的資料，進行淮河流域能量平衡的參數化方案的研究，用noaa衛星的avhrr資料建立了試驗區地表特征參數及能量平衡各分量的參數化方程，并對衛星遙感反演結果和試驗觀測值進行了對比，為淮河流域能量和水循環的數值模擬提供了物理依據。

Specifically , in terms of mechanism , the evolutionary mechanisms and regularities of water cycle and accompanying processes of river basins under the effects of high intensity mankind activities will be revealed ; in terms of modeling methodology , an integrated simulation system will be constructed for the “ natural - artificial ” binary water cycle and related processes of river basins to create the basic theories and methods of high efficiency water resources utilization ; and , in terms of application basis , quantitative criteria and patterns will be created for high efficiency water resources utilization and integral control of water cycle in water scarce areas 具體來說，在機理層面上，揭示高強度人類活動作用下的流域水循環及其伴生過程演變機理與規律；在模型方法層面，構建流域“天然人工”二元水循環及相關過程綜合模擬系統，形成水資源高效利用的基礎理論與方法；在應用基礎層面，提出缺水地區水資源高效利用和水循環整體調控的定量標準與模式。

In this dissertation , rainfall infiltration , runoff , and soil water redistribution on a hillslope were studied by simulated rainfall experiments , and soil water cycling was investigated by site observation and soil sampling methods . moreover , the reasons for the desiccation of deep soil layer were analyzed , and its assessment indexes and standards were presented . the main results are as follows : ( 1 ) rainfall infiltration into a planar hillslope with a homogeneous isotropic soil could be simply regarded as one - dimensional infiltration process , if soil erosion was prevented 針對當前該區植被恢復重建中存在的科學問題，以植被建設的關鍵性限制因素?土壤水分為出發點，通過室內外模擬降雨試驗，研究了坡地降雨入滲、產流及土壤水分再分布規律，同時采用定位觀測和采樣分析相結合的方法，分析了坡地土壤水分的循環與轉化特征，并初步建立了深層土壤干燥化程度的評價標準，取得的主要結論如下： ( 1 )在防止土壤侵蝕的條件下，均質坡地的降雨入滲過程可以簡化為一維。

As planned , after the studies of fiver years , three major mechanisms will be revealed to form a cognition system of basic sciences on the evolution of water cycle and related processes of river basins in the modern environment ; a platform and a set of theories will be formed to develop the tools for the simulation of water cycle of river basins and basic methodology for water resources planning in a changing environment ; two sets of criteria and a set of patterns will be developed to form the criteria , thresholds and patterns for high efficiency water resources utilization and integral control of water cycle of river basins in the modern environment 預期通過五年研究， “揭示三大機理” ，形成現代環境下的流域水循環及其相關過程演變的基礎科學認知體系； “構建一個平臺，形成一套理論” ，發展變化環境下的流域水循環模擬手段與水資源規劃基礎方法； “提出兩套標準，建立一套模式” ，形成現代環境下流域水資源高效利用與水循環整體調控的標準、閾值及其模式。

The haihe river basin is most intensively affected by mankind activities , has the most serious water problems and holds an important strategic position in the national economic and social development , thus the project takes this river basin as the study area and , aiming at filling up the gaps in the existing studies both at home and abroad , intends to solve three key issues of basic sciences concerned with scientific control of water cycle and high efficiency water resources utilization in water scarce river basins , including : 1 ) mechanisms of water cycle and water resource evolution of river basins affected by intensive mankind activities ; 2 ) mechanisms of moisture - driven evolution and restoration of water environment and ecological system of river basins ; and 3 ) methodology for the assessment , optimization and control of utility of water resources utilization 本項目以人類活動影響最為集中，各類水問題最為突出，且在全國經濟社會發展格局中占有重要戰略地位的海河流域為研究區，針對當前國內外相關研究存在的不足，項目擬解決實現缺水流域水循環科學調控和水資源高效利用的三大關鍵基礎科學問題：強人類活動干擾下的流域水循環與水資源演變機理；水分驅動下的流域水環境與生態系統的演變與修復機理；水資源利用效用的評價、優化與調控方法。

About water economization , chiefly introduced new equipment , new hot water cycle system , the control of the exceed pressure of out water , reuse of grey water , reuse of rainwater , new method of setting fire - fighting poor , new kinds of water meter and its management and vacuum technology 節水方面，主要介紹了新型節水設備，新型熱水循環系統，超壓出水的控制，中水回用，雨水回用，消防水池的設置新方法，新型水表及管理方法，真空節水技術。

This paper addresses causes of flow decline in terms of analysis of precipitation change , human activities such as water consumption and water & soil conservation , research issue of water cycle to change environment are discussed , that is emphasized as base of sustainable water use 在此基礎上論述了黃河典型支流水循環研究的問題與重要性，提出了為水資源可持續利用服務的應用基礎研究問題。

The western china development is confronted with a quite serious and realistic problem on water resources because of the water cycle ' s district characteristics , the ecosystem ' s vulnerability and the increasing demand of water resources 摘要由于中國西部水文循環的地區特性、生態系統的脆弱性和社會經濟發展對水資源需求的增加，使得中國西部開發面臨十分現實和嚴峻的水資源問題。

Kids discover the natural phenomena that shape our planet earth . meteorology , volcanoes , earthquakes , geology , the water cycle , climate and biomes are explained through animated simulations , hands - on activities and reference scrapbook 孩子們認識地球的自然現象.通過模擬動畫片斷,實習活動和參考資料,解釋氣象,火山,地震,地質學,水的循環,氣候和生物等變化進程

Over - grazing and exceeding deforestation interrupt the water cycle , the climate becomes drier , and crumbling sand appears on the land . land desertification is the enemy of human culture . in the past , the deserts buried the fertile 人類對森林資源的亂砍濫伐，對草原的過度放牧，打亂了水分的循環，氣候出現干旱，土地出現松散的流沙沉積。